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Authors
Kalkhoven, Judd T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1720-6879
Impellizzeri, Franco M.
Norris, Dean L.
Edwards, W. Brent
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Western Sydney University
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Article History
Accepted: 25 March 2026
First Online: 9 May 2026
Declarations
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: JTK intends to use this article in support of future grant applications. This represents a potential non-financial competing interest, given the professional and academic benefits that may arise. FMI is involved in projects related to athletic injuries, conducted in collaboration with sport governing bodies and supported through research grants. These collaborations may cover topics associated with, but not directly related to, the present work.
: JTK conceived the idea for this article, developed the key concepts, and prepared the original draft. FMI contributed expertise in prediction modelling and causal inference, assisted with the development of key concepts, and with reviewing and editing. DLN encouraged the writing of this article and contributed expertise in prediction modelling and statistical considerations, along with reviewing and editing. WBE contributed expertise in first-principles modelling, damage modelling in biological tissues, mechanical analysis, and scanning technologies, and assisted with reviewing and editing. All authors read and approved the final version of this article.
: Not applicable.
