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Authors
Fraser, Brooklyn J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1752-5431
Gower, Bethany https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6969-6913
Stanesby, Oliver https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5996-5881
Magnussen, Costan G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6238-5730
Cadenas-Sanchez, Cristina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4513-9108
Chaput, Jean-Philippe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5607-5736
Manyanga, Taru https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5461-5981
McGrath, Ryan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0644-5524
Merucci, Katherine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1981-7013
Myers, Jonathan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2592-136X
Ortega, Francisco B. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2001-1121
Singh, Ben https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7227-2406
Prince, Stephanie A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6729-5649
Lang, Justin J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1768-319X
Tomkinson, Grant R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7601-9670
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Article History
Accepted: 11 July 2026
First Online: 4 August 2026
Declarations
Conflict of interest/Competing interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Funding: No funding was provided for this study. BJF is supported by a National Heart Foundation of Australia Postdoctoral Fellowship (106588). FBO’s research activity is supported by the Grant PID2023-148404OB-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/ and ERDF funds, EU. CC-S is supported by a grant from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska Curie grant agreement No 101028929.
Availability of data, code, and other materials: All materials from this study have been included as Electronic Supplementary Material. Additional materials are available upon request.
Disclaimer: The content and views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Government of Canada.
Authors’ contributions: BJF screened the records, extracted the data, assessed the methodological quality of each systematic review, took responsibility for the integrity of the data, synthesised the results, and co-wrote the manuscript. BG screened the records, assessed the certainty of evidence, synthesised the results, and co-wrote the manuscript. OS extracted the data, assessed the methodological quality of each systematic review, and critically reviewed the manuscript for important intellectual content. CC-S, JPC, TM, and BS screened the records, contributed to the interpretation of results, and critically reviewed the manuscript for important intellectual content. CGM, JM, RM, and FBO contributed to the interpretation of results and critically reviewed the manuscript for important intellectual content. KM designed and executed the systematic search strategy and critically reviewed the manuscript for important intellectual content. SAP and JJL developed the research question, designed the systematic review, screened the records, contributed to the interpretation of results, and critically reviewed the manuscript for important intellectual content. GRT developed the research question, designed the systematic review, screened the records, had full access to the data, synthesised the results, and co-wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Ethics approval: Not applicable.
Consent to participate: Not applicable.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
