Document is current

Article History

Accepted: 10 February 2025

First Online: 4 March 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was supported by an unrestricted grant from the Gates Foundation.

: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Sam Salek and Stuart Walker are Editorial Board members of Pharmaceutical Medicine. Profs. Salek and Walker were not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript, nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions.

: The study was approved by the Health Science Engineering and Technology ECDA, University of Hertfordshire, United Kingdom [Reference Protocol Number: LMS/PGR/UH/04988].

: The study participants provided implicit consent for taking part in the study.

: Not applicable.

: The data supporting the results reported in the manuscript can be obtained from the authors.

: The software application or custom code can be obtained from the authors, if applicable.

: NN designed the study, collected, and interpreted the results and wrote the draft of the manuscript. CC provided data and reviewed the draft of the manuscript. DM provided data and reviewed the draft of the manuscript. FS provided data and reviewed the draft of the manuscript. EB provided data and reviewed the draft of the manuscript. MA provided data and reviewed the draft of the manuscript. AF provided data and reviewed the draft of the manuscript. DN provided data and reviewed the draft of the manuscript. BS provided data and reviewed the draft of the manuscript. SW designed the study, interpreted the results, and reviewed the draft of the manuscript. SS designed the study, interpreted the results, and reviewed the draft of the manuscript.