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Article History

Accepted: 26 June 2025

First Online: 8 August 2025

Declarations

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: Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analysed in this study.

: Funding for open access publishing: Universidad de Granada. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under Grant agreement number 101095593 (project HI-PRIX: Health Innovation Next Generation Payment and Pricing Models). The Article Processing Charge was funded by the University of Granada, Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Andalucía

: None.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Juan Carlos Rejon-Parrilla: Funding acquisition, Writing—review and editing, Writing—original draft, Investigation. David Epstein: Conceptualisation, Investigation, Writing—review and editing, Writing—original draft. Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz: Writing—review and editing, Writing—original draft. Jaime Espin: Funding acquisition, Writing—review and editing, Supervision. All authors agree to be accountable for the work.The authors confirm that where tools have been used for the creation of figures/images/tables/other material in the submission, the appropriate licenses/permissions have been obtained to allow publication in this journal and to permit reuse of the article, in whole or in parts, for all purposes, including any commercial reuse.