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Authors
Cope, Tyler L. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5980-6193
O’Brien, Emily C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8257-7561
Pagidipati, Neha J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5004-8868
Leyva, Monica
Cohen, Lauren
Fraulo, Elizabeth
Reed, Shelby D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7654-4464
Granger, Christopher B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0045-3291
Bosworth, Hayden B. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6188-9825
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Article History
Accepted: 14 August 2025
First Online: 31 August 2025
Declarations
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: Tyler L. Cope, Monica Leyva, Lauren Cohen, Elizabeth Fraulo, and Shelby D. Reed have no financial or relevant competing interests. Emily C. O’Brien receives research funding through her institution from Pfizer. Neha J. Pagidipati has received grants from Alnylam, Amgen, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eggland’s Best, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Merck, Amgen, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, CRISPR Therapeutics, Eli Lilly, Esperion, AstraZeneca, Merck, Novartis, and Novo Nordisk; was an Executive Committee member for trials sponsored by Novo Nordisk, Amgen, and AstraZeneca; DSMB for trials sponsored by J + J and Novartis; and on the medical advisory board for Miga Health. Christopher B. Granger has received research grants and consulting/speaker fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen Pharmaceutica Products, L.P., and Pfizer; research grants from AKROS, Apple, AstraZeneca, Daichii-Sankyo, US Food & Drug Administration, GlaxoSmithKline, Medtronic Foundation, and Novartis Pharmaceutical Company; and consulting/speaker fees from AbbVie, Bayer Corp US, Boston Scientific Corp, CeleCor Therapeutics, Correvio, Espero BioPharma, Medscape, Medtronic Inc., Merck, National Institutes of Health, NovoNordisk, Rhoshan Pharmaceuticals, and Roche Diagnostics. Hayden B. Bosworth has received research funding through his institution from BeBetter Therapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Esperion, Improved Patient Outcomes, Merck, NHLBI, Novo Nordisk, Otsuka, Sanofi, Veterans Administration, Elton John Foundation, Hilton Foundation, and Pfizer. He also provides consulting services for Esperion, Imatar, Novartis, Sanofi, Vidya, Walmart, Webmed, and Janssen and is on the board of directors of Preventric Diagnostics and is the co-founder of BG, a clinical research platform.
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: All authors contributed to drafting and revising the article, provided their final approval of all content, and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
