Document is current

Article History

Accepted: 8 April 2026

First Online: 12 May 2026

Declarations

:

: SW is an Editorial Board member of Pharmaceutical Medicine . SW was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers nor in any editorial decisions regarding this manuscript. CSC, MS, SL and JL have no conflicts of interest relevant to the contents of the article.

: Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Human Research Ethics Committee (Medical) of the University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (Waiver number: R14/49 Chisha; registration number is H24/01/05). Permission was granted by the ZAMRA for the collection of data and for its subsequent publication.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to participation.

: Participants provided consent for anonymized data to be used in publication.

: The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to confidentiality agreements but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request, subject to institutional approval.

: Not applicable.

: CSC devised the study, collected data, analysed the data and wrote the manuscript. MS supervised the study and critically reviewed the manuscript. SL devised and supervised the study, analysed data and critically reviewed the manuscript. JL analysed data and critically reviewed the manuscript. SW devised and supervised the study, analysed the data and critically reviewed the manuscript. All the authors confirm that they have read and approved the final manuscript.