Document is current

Article History

Accepted: 31 July 2024

First Online: 15 August 2024

Declarations

:

: No funding was obtained for this study.

: The authors S.C. Chang, C.Y. Chen, Y.F. Wei, Y.C. Lai, P.W. Hu, J.C. Hung, and C.Y. Chang declare that they have no conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the contents of this article.

: The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Far Eastern Memorial Hospital (IRB No.: 111267-F), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital (IRB No.: 2022A011), National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch (IRB No.: 202205102RIFD), and E-Da Hospital (IRB No.: EMRB-111-140). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: Not applicable.

: The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

: Not applicable.

: Yu-Feng Wei, Chung-Yu Chen, and Shih-Chieh Chang contributed to data collection and analysis. Cheng-Yu Chang and Yu-Feng Wei helped finalize study concept and study design. Yi-Chun Lai, Po-Wei Hu, and Jui-Chi Hung contributed to acquisition of data. Cheng-Yu Chang and Shih-Chieh Chang drafted the manuscript. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.