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Article History

Accepted: 3 March 2025

First Online: 7 April 2025

Declarations

:

: Open access funding provided by SCELC, Statewide California Electronic Library Consortium. Research reported in this publication includes work performed in the Pathology Research Services Core, Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling Core, Integrative Genomics Core, and Bioinformatics Core supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under award number P30CA033572. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

: Dr. Kang has the following disclosures: consultant for Gilead, Caris Molecular Sciences, Pfizer, and Daiichi Sankyo. Dr. Mortimer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yost has nothing to disclose. Dr. Naghi has nothing to disclose.

: Data are available upon reasonable request.

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of City of Hope’s internal review board (IRB) and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Tumor specimens were identified through a City of Hope IRB-approved retrospective protocol for patients consented to City of Hope Biorepository Protocol IRB 07047, and genomic analysis was performed under City of Hope IRB 15325.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants on this study.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Conception and design: JM, SEY. Acquisition of data: SEY, LN. Analysis and interpretation of data (e.g., statistical analyses, biostatistics, computational analyses): all authors. Writing, review, and/or revision of the manuscript: all authors. Administrative, technical, or material support (i.e., reporting or organizing data, constructing databases): SEY. Study supervision: JM; All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.