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Article History

Accepted: 8 May 2025

First Online: 7 June 2025

Declarations

:

: No funding was received for the preparation of this article.

: Henrik Zetterberg has served at scientific advisory boards and/or as a consultant for AbbVie, Acumen, Alector, Alzinova, ALZpath, Amylyx, Annexon, Apellis, Artery Therapeutics, AZTherapies, Cognito Therapeutics, CogRx, Denali, Eisai, Enigma, LabCorp, Merry Life, Nervgen, Novo Nordisk, Optoceutics, Passage Bio, Pinteon Therapeutics, Prothena, Quanterix, Red Abbey Labs, reMYND, Roche, Samumed, Siemens Healthineers, Triplet Therapeutics and Wave, has given lectures sponsored by Alzecure, BioArctic, Biogen, Cellectricon, Fujirebio, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Roche and WebMD, and is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program (outside submitted work). Eleftheria Kodosaki and Amanda Heslegrave have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

: Not applicable.

: Conceptualisation: AJH. Writing (original draft preparation): EK. Writing (review and editing): EK, AJH, HZ. Supervision: AJH, HZ.