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Article History

Accepted: 26 May 2025

First Online: 7 June 2025

Declarations

:

: This retrospective analysis involves the secondary use of data generated during routine patient care. Approval for this study, including a waiver of informed consent, was obtained from the Western Institutional Review Board Copernicus Group (WCG protocol # 1340120).

: The individual patient data that support the findings of this study are not openly available due to privacy restrictions and are presented here as de-identified, aggregate data under an Institutional Review Board waiver of informed consent.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this article.

: Michelle F. Green, Zachary D. Wallen, Heidi C. Ko, Kyle C. Strickland, Alicia Dillard, Jeffrey M. Conroy, Durga P. Dash, Mary K. Nesline, Paul DePietro, Shengle Zhang, Marcia Eisenberg, Brian Caveney, Shakti Ramkissoon, Eric A. Severson, and Rebecca A. Previs are current or former employees of Labcorp and all contributed to this work while employed by Labcorp. Kamal S. Saini reports consulting fees from the European Commission, and stock and/or other ownership interests in Fortrea Inc. and Quantum Health Analytics (UK) Ltd, outside the submitted work. Pratheesh Sathyan is an employee of Illumina.

: MFG: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, software, visualization, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. ZDW: data curation, methodology, writing—review and editing. HCK: conceptualization, investigation, writing—review and editing. KCS: conceptualization, investigation, writing—review and editing. AD: investigation, writing—review and editing. JMC: conceptualization, methodology, data curation. DPD: conceptualization, methodology, data curation. MKN: conceptualization, data curation. PD: methodology, data curation, resources, writing—review and editing. SZ: resources, writing—review and editing. KSS: writing—review and editing. PS: writing—review and editing. ME: resources. BC: resources, SR: conceptualization, resources. EAS: resources, writing—review and editing. RAP: conceptualization, investigation, methodology, writing—review and editing.