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Article History

Accepted: 17 June 2025

First Online: 16 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was supported by the research support scheme of Taipei Veterans General Hospital Grant No. T21006. Micronbrane (Taiwan), the manufacturer of the Devin filter, did not provide any funding or personnel support for this study.

: The authors (CYC, LPH, CYW, YHT, HCK, CCM) have no conflicts of interest related to this study.

: The data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary materials. Additional datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

: Not applicable.

: This study was conducted according to the ethical standards of the Institutional Review Board of Taipei Veterans General Hospital (Institutional Review Board number: 2021-03-013AC; approval date: 22 March 2021). All procedures involving human participants complied with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before sample collection.

: The authors affirm that all participants provided informed consent to publish relevant data and images in the study.

: Yen Chia Chen: Conceptualization, methodology, and writing – original draft. Po Hsiang Liao: Software, data curation, and formal analysis. Yen Wen Chen: Visualization, investigation, and data curation. David Hung Tsang Yen: Investigation and supervision. Chorng Kuang How: Supervision and validation. Chia Ming Chang: Conceptualization, writing – reviewing and editing, and project administration.