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Article History

Accepted: 1 August 2025

First Online: 1 September 2025

Declarations

:

: Hiroyuki Takeda and Yu Sunakawa have received honoraria for speaking engagements from Guardant Health, Inc. Ryohei Kawabata, Atsushi Ishiguro, Shinichi Nishina, Masazumi Takahashi, Shuhei Suzuki, Takahisa Suzuki, Jin Matsuyama, Yasufumi Otsuki, Yusuke Akamaru, Naoki Takegawa, Takashi Nomura, Yosuke Kito, Hiroshi Yabusaki, Yuji Negoro, Akitaka Makiyama, Masato Nakamura, and Masaki Takahashi have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this study.

: This study was approved by the institutional review board of each participating site. Specifically, the Institutional Review Board of St. Marianna University School of Medicine approved the study on 21 January, 2021 (approval number: 5085). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants for study participation.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants for publication of the results.

: Data sharing requests should be directed to the corresponding author along with the research proposal. The decision to share the requested data will be made in accordance with ethical guidelines by the corresponding author.

: Not applicable.

: RK, AI, SN, MT, SS, TS, JM, YO, YA, NT, TN, YK, HY, YN, AM, and MN contributed to the investigation and writing (review and editing). HT was responsible for conceptualization, investigation, writing (original draft), writing (review and editing), and funding acquisition. MT handled the data curation, methodology, formal analysis, and writing (review and editing). YS took part in project administration, investigation, writing (review and editing), and supervision.