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Article History

Received: 22 October 2025

Accepted: 26 January 2026

First Online: 30 March 2026

Declarations

:

: This work was supported by the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic TQ03000338, the European Union project LERCO (No. CZ.10.03.01/00/22_003/0000003), the Czech Health Research Council (NU23‐03‐00374), and the SALVAGE project (CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004644) supported by OP JAK, co-financed by the European Union and the State Budget of the Czech Republic. Václav Janoušek was supported by The National Center for Medical Genomics (LM2023067).

: Roman Hájek has had a consultant or advisory relationship with Janssen, Amgen, Celgene, AbbVie, BMS, Novartis, PharmaMar, and Takeda; has received honoraria from Janssen, Amgen, Celgene, BMS, PharmaMar, and Takeda; has received research funding from Janssen, Amgen, Celgene, BMS, Novartis, and Takeda; is a member of advisory boards such as BMS, Takeda, Amgen, Oncopeptides, Sanofi, Janssen, and GSK; and has received support for attending meetings and/or travel from Amgen, Celgene, Takeda, and Janssen. Václav Janoušek is a co-founder and shareholder of Biodviser Ltd. Klára Baďurová, Veronika Kapustová, Jana Kotulová, Vítězslav Brinsa, Lenka Piherová, Michal Pohludka, Michal Richtář, Tomáš Jelínek, , Zuzana Chyra, and Tereza Ševčíková have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

: Not applicable.

: ZCH, TŠ, JK, VB, MR, KB: conceptualization, visualization, writing (original draft), writing (review and editing). LP, VJ: writing (review and editing). TJ, RH, MP: writing (review and editing), funding acquisition. VK, KB, ZCH, TŠ: major contributors to the writing of the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.