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Article History

Received: 15 December 2023

Accepted: 3 March 2024

First Online: 8 April 2024

Declarations

:

: The article was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81970340, 82000372, 82170384, and 82270399), Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (2022A1515012161 and 2022A1515111120). TOPCAT trial (Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure With an Aldosterone Antagonist) was funded by the National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Bethesda, MD (N01 HC45207). This article was prepared using TOPCAT Research Materials obtained from the NHLBI Biologic Specimen and Data Repository Information Coordinating Center and does not necessarily reflect the opinions or views of the TOPCAT or the NHLBI.

: None.

: Research idea and study design: BZ, YW, and FFW; data acquisition, data analysis/ interpretation: BZ, HL, ZY, YW, FFW; supervision or mentorship: YW and FFW. Each author contributed important intellectual content during manuscript drafting or revision and accepts accountability for the overall work by ensuring that questions pertaining to the accuracy or integrity of any portion of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

: Not applicable.

: All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.