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Authors
Wang, Jing
Huang, Xingjie
Deng, Zhexuan
Wen, Song
Pei, Xiaoyang
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Article History
Received: 14 July 2025
Accepted: 24 October 2025
First Online: 12 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
: Ethical approval for CHARLS was granted by the Ethical Review Committee at the Peking University, including anthropometrics (IRB00001052-11015) and biomarker collection (IRB00001052-11014), with all participants providing informed consent.
