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Authors
He, Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6510-217X
Zheng, Yiyan https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8642-246X
Zhang, Xingyu https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8471-674X
Liao, Linkun https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8717-2363
Hu, Xiaoyong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7199-9005
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Social Science Foundation (BCA220206)
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Article History
Received: 15 February 2025
Revised: 28 June 2025
Accepted: 3 July 2025
First Online: 23 July 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
: The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of South China Normal University (SCNU-AIE-2022-002).
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants and participating teachers and guardians of primary students prior to participation.
: All authors hereby consent to the publication of this manuscript in The Asia–Pacific Education Researcher. Written informed consent for publication of anonymized research data was obtained from participating teachers and guardians of all student participants.
