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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12431012)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (U23B2012)
National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFA1000403)
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Article History
Received: 28 April 2025
Revised: 26 November 2025
Accepted: 25 December 2025
First Online: 4 February 2026
Conflict of Interest
: Tian-De Guo is an associate editor-in-chief for Journal of the Operations Research Society of China and he was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. All authors declare that there are no competing interests.
