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Article History

Received: 3 September 2024

Revised: 31 October 2025

Accepted: 2 November 2025

First Online: 15 December 2025

Declarations

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: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest relevant to this study. No conflicts of interest are declared, and the theoretical nature of the interventions means no direct clinical experimentation was conducted.

: This study relies exclusively on mathematical modeling and simulation without involving human participants or animals. All data and parameters were sourced from publicly available literature, ensuring transparency and reproducibility. The research complies fully with ethical standards of scientific integrity.