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Article History

Accepted: 26 July 2024

First Online: 7 August 2024

Declarations

:

: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare in relation to this article.

: The 3-year declaration of interest statement of this research team is as follows: In the last three years, SR, ND, SM and JL have received research and consultancy funding from multiple sources, including via hypothecated taxes from gambling revenue. SR has received research funding from the Health Research Council of New Zealand, New Zealand Ministry of Health, Ember Korowai Takitini and from international sources including Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation, New South Wales Office of Responsible Gambling. ND has received research funding from the Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation, New South Wales Office of Responsible Gambling, Tasmanian Department of Treasury and Finance, Gambling Research Australia, Svenska Spel’s Independent Research Council, Health Research Council of New Zealand, and New Zealand Ministry of Health. SM has received research funding from the Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation, New South Wales Office of Responsible Gambling, Gambling Research Australia, Health Research Council of New Zealand and the New Zealand Ministry of Health. She has been the recipient of a New South Wales Office of Responsible Gambling Postdoctoral Research Fellowship. JL and CH have received funding from Ministry of Health, New Zealand.

: This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.