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Authors
Poli, Silvia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9801-6013
Salerno, Laura https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3801-7006
Delvecchio, Elisa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3519-5445
Muscolino, Arianna
Tona, Antonino La https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6223-0106
Ghizzoni, Giorgio
Nembrini, Greta
Brugnera, Agostino https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-4552
Donisi, Valeria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8283-5260
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Università degli Studi di Verona
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Article History
Received: 31 March 2025
Accepted: 13 October 2025
First Online: 6 November 2025
Declarations
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: No animal or human subjects by the authors were used in this study.
: Despite the growing interest in PSMU, the heterogeneity and the relatively small number of studies targeting mid-adolescents make it challenging to draw definitive conclusions. More knowledge is needed on protective/risk factors of PSMU and on strategies to prevent and reduce PSMU.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
