Ismail, Mohd Shahrom https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3235-1468
Mahmud, Jamaluddin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0351-0474
Ifayefunmi, Olawale https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9527-325X
Purbolaksono, Judha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7467-4329
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Teknologi MARA
Article History
Received: 15 March 2025
Accepted: 15 September 2025
First Online: 6 January 2026