Chen, Mingxin https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5138-2402
Fan, Xiaobin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7187-8377
Huang, Zipeng https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1497-5729
Yu, Xueliang https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2300-8564
Wang, Linhui https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5469-3867
Funding for this research was provided by:
Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tongji University (K202303)
Article History
Received: 3 June 2025
Accepted: 11 November 2025
First Online: 11 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.