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Impact of memory and CTL mediated immune therapy on the dynamics of a fractional-order HIV model with antiretroviral therapy-based control optimization

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40435-025-01848-7

Published Online: 2025-09-23

Published Print: 2025-10

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Sardar, Purnendu

Ranjit, Buddhadev

Biswas, Santosh

Allali, Karam

Das, Krishna Pada
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

University Grants Commission (221610120355)

Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India (SR/FST/MS- 11/2021/101(C))

Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India (SR/FST/MS- 11/2021/101(C))
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Article History

Received: 23 May 2025

Revised: 14 August 2025

Accepted: 31 August 2025

First Online: 23 September 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors affirm that there are no Conflict of interest concerning the publication of this article.

: No human subjects or human tissue samples were involved in this study.

: This research does not rely on artificial intelligence for data generation, analysis, or writing.

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