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Authors
Ma, Minrui
Huang, Bin
Ma, Liutao
Yang, Xu
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Article History
Received: 13 August 2025
Revised: 14 October 2025
Accepted: 15 October 2025
First Online: 2 November 2025
Declarations
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: All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
: This study did not involve human participants, animals, or personal data, and all experiments were conducted either in simulation or on a closed test track.
