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Design hybrid nonlinear PID with feedforward controller and grasshopper optimization algorithm for upper limb rehabilitation robot

Published Online: 2026-05-11

Published Print: 2026-05

Authors

Flaih, Aliaa A.

Karam, Ekhlas H.

Mohammed, Yousra A.
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-05-01

Version of Record valid from 2026-05-01
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Article History

Received: 19 May 2025

Revised: 27 March 2026

Accepted: 17 April 2026

First Online: 11 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study did not generate any new unique reagents or physical materials. The work is limited to controller design and optimization algorithm.

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