Freudenheim, Jo L.
Shields, Peter G.
Song, Min-Ae
Smiraglia, Dominic
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institutes of Health
Article History
First Online: 9 May 2019
Compliance with Ethical Standards
: The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH or the FDA.
: Jo L. Freudenheim reports grants from Prevent Cancer Foundation, during the conduct of the study.Peter G Shields reports grants from NCI - Models for Tobacco Product Evaluation, grants from NCI -Multi-investigator grant investigating the use of multiple tobacco projects in adolescents and adults, grants from NIDA - The Effects of a Standardized Research E-Cigarette On The Human Lung: A Clinical Trial With Bronchoscopic Biomarkers, and grants from OSUCCC A Pilot Study Assessing Electronic Cigarette and Tobacco Product Lung Toxicity, during the conduct of the study. Also, Dr. Shields serves as an expert witness in tobacco litigation cases. Min-Ae Song and Dominic Smiraglia each declare no potential conflicts of interest.
: This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.