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Authors
Bertin, Luisa https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9816-4171
Zanconato, Miriana https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9141-269X
Cavagna, Camilla https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9612-6560
Barberio, Brigida https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3164-8243
Caranfil, Cristina https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7376-0063
Bezzio, Cristina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0076-8549
Burra, Patrizia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8791-191X
Savarino, Edoardo Vincenzo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3187-2894
Zingone, Fabiana https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1133-1502
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Università degli Studi di Padova
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Article History
Received: 14 May 2026
Accepted: 4 June 2026
First Online: 29 July 2026
Declarations
Conflict of interest: CB received consulting/advisory board fees from Alfa Sigma, AbbVie, Celltrion, Eli Lilly, Ferring, Gilead, Johnson & Johnson, MSD, Pfizer, and Takeda. EVS has served as speaker for Abbvie, Agave, AGPharma, Alfasigma, Aurora Pharma, CaDiGroup, Celltrion, Dr Falk, EG Stada Group, Fenix Pharma, Fresenius Kabi, Galapagos, Janssen, JB Pharmaceuticals, Innovamedica/Adacyte, Malesci, MayolyBiohealth, Omega Pharma, Pfizer, Reckitt Benckiser, Sandoz, SILA, Sofar, Takeda, Tillots, Unifarco; has served as a consultant for Abbvie, Agave, Alfasigma, Biogen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celltrion, DiademaFarmaceutici, Dr. Falk, Fenix Pharma, Fresenius Kabi, Janssen, JB Pharmaceuticals, Merck & Co, Nestlé, Reckitt Benckiser, Regeneron, Sanofi, SILA, Sofar, Synformulas GmbH, Takeda, Unifarco; he received research support from Pfizer, Reckitt Benckiser, SILA, Sofar, Unifarco, Zeta Farmaceutici. FZ has served as a speaker for EG Stada Group, Fresenius Kabi, Janssen, Pfizer, Takeda, Unifarco, Malesci, and Kedrion and has served as a consultant for Galapagos. BB has served as a speaker for Abbvie, Agave, Alfasigma, AGpharma, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Pfizer, Sofar, Takeda, and Unifarco. LB has served as a speaker for Takeda and Edra Spa. The remaining authors (MZ, CC, CCa, PB) declare that they have no competing interests.
Ethical approval: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The illustrative single-case component was conducted under the standard institutional consent framework of the Azienda Ospedale Università Padova (Modulo 1CR informed consent), in compliance with Regional Decree DGR Veneto 1633/2022 and Internal Operational Instruction Rev. 00 dated 24 April 2024. The scoping-review component, based exclusively on previously published material, did not require separate ethics-committee approval.
Consent to participate: Written informed consent was obtained from the patient described in the illustrative case for participation in the clinical examination, including ultrasound performance and clinical-data collection.
Consent to publish: The patient described in the illustrative case provided written informed consent for publication of her anonymised clinical, imaging and genetic data, including the ultrasonographic images shown in Fig. .
Use of large language models: Anthropic’s Claude was used for AI-assisted language refinement. All conceptualisation, data extraction, methodological decisions, scientific interpretation and final wording are the authors’ own; no LLM contribution meets the JUS authorship criteria. The authors are accountable for the final version of the text.
