Updates are available Correction dated 2025-09-04

Article History

Received: 7 April 2025

Accepted: 23 May 2025

First Online: 12 July 2025

Change Date: 5 September 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised: the copyright holder was incorrectly given as 'The Author(s) 2025', whereas it should have been 'Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA and its affiliates, and Linda Duska 2025'.

Change Date: 4 September 2025

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:

Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40487-025-00373-z

Declarations

:

: Vimalanand S. Prabhu is an employee of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA. Both he and his spouse are stockholders of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA. Yezhou Sun is an employee of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA and is a stockholder of UnitedHealth Group and Merck & Co., Inc. Lei Chen is an employee of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA and is a stockholder of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA. Yeran Li was an employee of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA at the time of the study and is a stockholder of Merck & Co, Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA. She is now an employee of Bristol Myers Squibb. Kalé Kponee-Shovein, Yan Song, Mu Cheng, Annalise Hilts, and Qi Hua are employees of Analysis Group, Inc., a consultancy that received funding from Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA to conduct this study. Jasmine Lichfield was an employee of MSD (UK) Limited, London, UK and a stockholder of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA. Linda Duska is an employee of the University of Virginia and is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board for Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA. Her institution receives consulting fees from Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA. She has received consultancy fees from Regeneron and Aadi Bioscience.

: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Access to the data was obtained through the appropriate data use agreement with the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Institutional review board (IRB) exemption was obtained from the Advarra IRB (Pro00062670), with an exemption from oversight on 8 April 2022, in accordance with the Department of Health and Human Services regulations found at 45 CFR 46.104(d)(4).