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Article History

Received: 9 May 2025

Accepted: 20 June 2025

First Online: 1 August 2025

Declarations

:

: Jamie Wallis, Shammi Luhar, Filipa Tunaru and Lewis Carpenter are employees of Arcturis Data, the entity that received payments for the conduct of this study. Lewis Carpenter additionally received personal consulting fees from Pfizer and participated in the safety monitoring board for the George Institute for Global Health. Anthony Wesselbaum, Dirk Schneider, Kiera Heffernan and Barbara Mascialino are employees of GSK and hold financial equities in GSK. Joo Ern Ang has received fees for lectures and presentations from AstraZeneca and GSK. Laura Tookman has served on advisory boards for AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology and GSK; has received consulting fees and fees for lectures and presentations from Tesaro, AstraZeneca, GSK, MSD and Clovis; travel and congress attendance support from MSD; and was part of the NICE technology appraisal committee for dostarlimab with carboplatin and paclitaxel. Kathryn Graham has served on advisory boards for GSK and MSD. Rene Roux has received advisory and consultation fees for GSK, AstraZeneca, Clovis, pharma& and Tesaro; and speaker fees for Pfizer, Lilly and Daiichi Sankyo.

: Individual human subject data derived from anonymised EHRs from UK NHS trusts were collected in accordance with internal governance at each trust and adhered to the principles of the UK GDPR. No direct subject contact nor primary collection of data occurred. Therefore, individual patient informed consent, ethics committee or institutional review board approval was not necessary.