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Article History

Received: 12 May 2025

Accepted: 23 September 2025

First Online: 11 October 2025

Declarations

:

: Balazs Halmos reports grants or contracts from Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Merck, Bristol Myers Squibb, Advaxis, Amgen, AbbVie, Daiichi Sankyo, Pfizer, GSK, Beigene, Janssen, Black Diamond Therapeutics, Forward Pharma, Numab, and Arrivent; honoraria from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Apollomics, Johnson & Johnson, Takeda, Merck, Bristol Myers Squibb, Genentech, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, and Daiichi Sankyo; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board for Bristol Myers Squibb, TPT, Apollomics, eFECTOR, and City of Hope. Narjust Florez reports grants or contracts from Daiichi Sankyo and Genentech; consulting fees from Pfizer, Merck, Mirati Therapeutics, Takeda, Neogenomics, and AstraZeneca; honoraria from Bristol Myers Squibb. Sarah Goldberg reports grants or contracts from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Mirati Therapeutics; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board for AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Amgen, Sanofi Genzyme, Takeda, Janssen, Summit Therapeutics, Merck, Regeneron, Daiichi Sankyo, and Eli Lilly. Wade Iams reports consulting fees from OncLive, Clinical Care Options, Chardan, Cello Health, and Curio Science; honoraria from Amgen and Novocure; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board for Genentech, Mirati Therapeutics, Outcomes Insights, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, GI Therapeutics, Takeda, AstraZeneca, Sanofi, Janssen, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Novocure. Xiuning Le reports consulting/advisory fees from Eli Lilly, EMD Serono (Merck KGaA), AstraZeneca, Spectrum Pharmaceutics, Novartis, Regeneron, Boehringer Ingelheim, Hengrui Therapeutics, Bayer, Teligene, Taiho, Daiichi Sankyo, Janssen, Blueprint Medicines, Sensei Biotherapeutics, SystImmune, ArriVent, Abion, BlossomHill, and AbbVie; research funding to institution from Eli Lilly, EMD Serono, ArriVent, Dizal, Teligene, Regeneron, Janssen, ThermoFisher, Takeda, and Boehringer Ingelheim. Ticiana Leal reports research funding to institution from AstraZeneca, Advaxis, Synthekine, 23&Me, Daiichi Sankyo, and Pfizer; consulting fees from Roche, AstraZeneca, Regeneron, Novocure, Takeda, Merck, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Catalyst, Amgen, Janssen, Genentech, Novartis, AbbVie, Pfizer, Gilead, and Boehringer Ingelheim; honoraria from OncLive, Medscape, Uptodate, Peerview, Curio, Aptitude Health, Ideology, CME Outfitters, Bioascend, GASCO, Targeted Oncology, GRACE, and SITC; support for attending meetings and/or travel from Regeneron and Sanofi; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board for Roche, AstraZeneca, Regeneron, Novocure, Takeda, Merck, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Catalyst, Amgen, Janssen, Genentech, Sanofi, Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Black Diamond, Boehringer Ingelheim, Synthekine, and OncoC4. Danny Nguyen reports honoraria, support for attending meetings and/or travel, Participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board/Steering Committee for Johnson & Johnson. Luis E. Raez reports grants or contracts from Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, Eli Lilly, Loxo, Anheart, Velos, Bio Alta, Guardant Health, Natera, AstraZeneca, Arcus, and Genentech; consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Merck, Novartis, Novocure, and Takeda. Jonathan W. Riess reports grants or contracts from Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Revolution Medicines, ArriVent, Nuvalent, Kinnate Site, IO Biotech, AstraZeneca, Merck, Novartis, and Summit; consulting fees from Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen, Genentech, Regeneron, Merus NV, Catalyst, Amgen, Oncohost, Merck, Pfizer, GSK, Daiichi Sankyo, and Replimune; support for attending meetings and/or travel from IO Biotech and AstraZeneca. Joshua Sabari reports consulting fees from AstraZeneca, AbbVie, EMD Serono, Genentech, Johnson & Johnson, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Loxo, Eli Lilly, Mirati/Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Regeneron, Revolution Medicines, Sanofi Genzyme,and Takeda; research support to institution from Johnson & Johnson, Loxo, Eli Lilly, Mirati/Bristol Myers Squibb, Regeneron, and ORIC. David Bjork reports grants or contracts, consulting fees, honoraria, support for attending meetings and/or travel from Johnson & Johnson. Nichelle Stigger has no conflicts of interest to disclose. Yichuan Xia, Paul Cifuentes, Denise D’Andrea, Farah Shanoon, and Andy L. Johnson are employees of Johnson & Johnson and may hold stock in Johnson & Johnson. Melissa L. Johnson reports research funding to institution from AbbVie, Adaptimmune, Amgen, Arcus Biosciences, Array BioPharma, ArriVent BioPharma, Artios Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BeiGene, BerGenBio, BioAtla, Black Diamond, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Calithera Biosciences, Carisma Therapeutics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Conjupro Biotherapeutics, Corvus Pharmaceuticals, Curis, CytomX, Daiichi Sankyo, Dracen Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly, Elicio Therapeutics, EMD Serono, EQRx, Erasca, Exelixis, Fate Therapeutics, Genentech/Roche, Genmab, Genocea Biosciences, GSK, Gritstone Oncology, Harpoon, Helsinn Healthcare SA, Hengrui Therapeutics, Hutchison MediPharma, IDEAYA Biosciences, IGM Biosciences, Immuneering Corporation, Immunitas Therapeutics, Immunocore, Impact Therapeutics, Incyte, Janssen, Kartos Therapeutics, LockBody Therapeutics, Loxo, Memorial Sloan Kettering, Merck, Merus, Mirati Therapeutics, Mythic Therapeutics, NeoImmune Tech, Neovia Oncology, NextPoint Therapeutics, Novartis, Numab Therapeutics, Nuvalent, OncoC4, Palleon Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, PMV Pharmaceuticals, Rain Therapeutics, RasCal Therapeutics, Regeneron, Relay Therapeutics, Revolution Medicines, Ribon Therapeutics, Rubius Therapeutics, Sanofi, Scorpion Therapeutics, Seven and Eight Biopharmaceuticals/Birdie Biopharmaceuticals, Shattuck Labs, Silicon Therapeutics, Summit, Syndax Pharmaceuticals, Systimmune, Taiho Oncology, Takeda, TCR2 Therapeutics, Tempest Therapeutics, TheRas, Tizona Therapeutics, TMUNITY Therapeutics, Turning Point Therapeutics, Vividion, Vyriad, and Y-mAbs Therapeutics; consulting or advisory role (paid to institution) for AbbVie, Alentis Therapeutics, Amgen, Arcus Biosciences, AstraZeneca, Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, D3 Bio Limited, Daiichi Sankyo, Fate Therapeutics, Genentech/Roche, Gilead Sciences, GSK, Gritstone Oncology, Hookipa Biotech, Immunocore, Janssen, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly, Merck, Mirati Therapeutics, ModeX Therapeutics, Normunity, Novartis, Novocure, Pfizer, Regeneron, Revolution Medicines, Sanofi-Aventis, SeaGen, Synthekine, Takeda, and Zai Laboratory.

: The COPERNICUS study will be conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and the Good Clinical Practice Guidelines of the International Council for Harmonisation. The protocol and amendments were approved by the institutional review board at each study site.