Document is current

Article History

Received: 12 September 2025

Accepted: 14 October 2025

First Online: 14 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Sarah Sammons reports research funding to their institution from AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Relay, Seagen, and Sermonix and consulting fees from Foundation Medicine, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Incyclix, Relay, Gilead, Sermonix, and Novartis. Denise A. Yardley reports institution grants from Daiichi Sankyo/Lilly, Eisai, Genentech/Roche, Novartis, AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology, Immunomedics, InventisBio, Lilly, MedImmune, Medivation, Merck, Oncothyreon, Pfizer, Syndax, and Tesaro and personal fees from Biotheranostics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Daiichi Sankyo/Lilly, Eisai, Genentech/Roche, Novartis, and NanoString Technologies. Priyanka Sharma reports research funding to their institution from Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, and Gilead; royalties from UpToDate; and consulting fees and/or honoraria from Merck, Gilead, Genzyme Corporation (Sanofi), Novartis, AstraZeneca, GSK, Pfizer, Lilly, Stemline-Menarini, and Daiichi Sankyo outside the submitted work. Vijayakrishna K. Gadi reports consulting fees from Hologic, Seagen (acquired by Pfizer), Pfizer, Novartis, AstraZeneca, and Stemline; research funding to their institution from Agendia, Gilead, Novartis, AstraZeneca, and GSK; speakers bureau fees from Stemline (inactive); and major stock ownership of Tempus AI. Mark Pegram reports personal fees from Novartis. Purnima Pathak, Huilin Hu, and Gary Sopher report employment and stock ownership with Novartis. Peter A. Fasching reports personal fees from Novartis, Pfizer, Daiichi Sankyo, AstraZeneca, Eisai, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Lilly, Pierre Fabre, Seagen, Roche, Hexal, Agendia, Sanofi-Aventis, and Gilead.

: This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.