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Article History

Received: 26 June 2025

Accepted: 20 October 2025

First Online: 8 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Marina E. Cazzaniga has received grants or research support from Eli Lilly and EISAI; received honoraria or consultation fees from MSD, Pierre Fabre, Novartis, Roche, Lilly, and Exact Science; and participated in a company sponsored speaker’s bureau for Novartis, Pfizer, and Eli Lilly. Luis Costa has received grants or research support from Eli Lilly, Roche, Amgen, and MSD; has received honoraria or consultation fees from Servier, MSD, AstraZeneca, and Pierre Fabre; and participated in a company sponsored speaker’s bureau for Novartis, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, MSD, and AstraZeneca. Gilles Freyer and Joseph Gligorov have received honoraria and/or consulting fees from Pierre Fabre. Henrik Lindman has received lecture honoraria from Novartis, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Pierre Fabre, and MSD; and received consultation fees from Lilly, MSD, Daiichi Sankyo, Pierre Fabre, Seagen, AstraZeneca, Gilead, and medac Pharma. Piotr J. Wysocki has acted in an advisory role for AstraZeneca, Astellas, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Immunicom, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre-Fabre, and Roche; received lecture honoraria from AstraZeneca, BMS, and MSD; and received research support from Immunicom. Rupert Bartsch has acted in an advisory role for AstraZeneca, Daiichi, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Gruenenthal, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Puma, Roche, Seagen, and Stemline; has received lecture honoraria from AstraZeneca, BMS, Daichi, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Gruenenthal, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Roche, Seagen, and Stemline; and received research support from Daiichi, MSD, Novartis, and Roche.

: This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.