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Authors
Stuart, Jennifer
Zhuleku, Evi
Mevius, Antje
Squires, Patrick
Ramamurthy, Chethan
Deiters, Barthold
Burcu, Mehmet https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4572-0987
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Merck
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Article History
Received: 13 September 2025
Accepted: 19 December 2025
First Online: 20 January 2026
Declarations
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: Jennifer Stuart, Patrick Squires, Mehmet Burcu, and Chethan Ramamurthy are employees of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA. Evi Zhuleku is an employee of Cytel Inc, whose work in this study was supported by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA. Antje Mevius is an employee of IPAM e.V. and declares no competing interests. Barthold Deiters is an employee of GWQ ServicePlus AG and declares no competing interests.
: The use of claims data provided by AOK PLUS and GWQ was permitted under the legal basis of ยง75, Tenth Book of the Social Code (SGB X). As data was anonymized, ethical approval from an institutional review board and informed consent were not applicable.
