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Article History

Received: 13 February 2026

Accepted: 23 March 2026

First Online: 18 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Surbhi Sidana has received consulting fees and/or served on advisory boards for Takeda, BMS, Johnson & Johnson, Legend Biotech, Sanofi, BiolineRx, Pfizer, Regeneron, AbbVie, Genentech, and Kite/Arcellx, and has received research funding from BMS, Johnson & Johnson, Kite, and Novartis. Saurabh P. Nagar, Sabyasachi Ghosh, Lin Fan, Victoria Alegria, Kevin C. De Braganca, Tamar Lengil, Mukta Sharma, Helen Pai, Todd Bixby, and Zaina P. Qureshi are employees and stockholders of Johnson & Johnson. Matthew Perciavalle is an employee of Legend Biotech and owns stock/stock options in Legend Biotech. Jessica Maitland and Bruno Emond are employees of Analysis Group ULC, a consulting company that has provided paid consulting services to Johnson & Johnson. Rafael Fonseca has received royalties for a patent for FISH in MM, has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Adaptive, Amgen, Apple, Bayer, BMS/Celgene, Gilead, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Kite, Karyopharm, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Juno Therapeutics, Takeda, ArduroBiotech, OncoTracker, Oncopeptides, Pharmacyclics, Pfizer, RA Capital, Regeneron, and Sanofi; has received honoraria from Celgene, Bristol Myers Squibb, Bayer, Amgen, Johnson & Johnson, Kite, a Gilead company, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Juno Therapeutics, Takeda, AbbVie, AduroBiotech, Sanofi, and OncoTracker; and is a member on the Board of Directors or advisory committee of Antengene.

: The authors obtained permission from Komodo and from Loopback Analytics to access and use the databases under license for this study. The study was considered exempt research under 45 CFR § 46.104(d)(4) as it involved only the secondary use of data that were de-identified in compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, specifically, 45 CFR § 164.514.