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Article History

Received: 21 April 2026

Accepted: 5 June 2026

First Online: 22 June 2026

Declarations

:

: Gregory A. Maglinte, Xiaoliang Wang, Qianhong Fu, Erlene K. Seymour, Rhys Williams, and Derrick van Beuge are BeOne Medicines, Ltd employees and shareholders. Gregory A. Maglinte is a shareholder of Amgen, Gilead, and CRISPR Therapeutics. Xiaoliang Wang and Erlene K. Seymour are shareholders of Roche. Qianhong Fu is a shareholder of AbbVie. Derrick van Beuge is a shareholder of Pfizer, GSK, and Nurix. Mazyar Shadman is a shareholder of Koi Biotherapeutics. Daniel A. Ermann has received honoraria from BeOne Medicines, Ltd; consulting fees from BeOne Medicines, Ltd and ADC Therapeutics; participation in Speaker’s Bureau for Incyte and AstraZeneca. Deborah M. Stephens has received consulting fees from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, BeOne Medicines, Ltd, Genentech, J&J, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, and Pharmacyclics; research funding from AbbVie, BeOne Medicines, Ltd, and Genentech. Ryan Jacobs has received honoraria from SecuraBio; consulting fees from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Genentech, BeOne Medicines, Ltd, Genmab, and Eli Lilly; participation in Speaker’s Bureau for AbbVie, Adaptive, BeOne Medicines, Ltd, and AstraZeneca; and had travel accommodation by AbbVie, Adaptive, BeOne Medicines, Ltd, and AstraZeneca. Irene Varghese, Heidi De Souza, and Caitlin Sheetz are ADVI Health employees and shareholders.

: No institutional review board/independent ethics committee review was required for this secondary analysis of de-identified existing data. All work performed by ADVI Health was subject to their respective requirements for access. The data used in this study are derived from Medicare claims files maintained by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). ADVI Health has a Data Use Agreement (DUA) agreement and access to these claims through a CMS Virtual Research Data Center (VRDC) license. Data are not publicly available because of federal restrictions protecting beneficiary privacy. Qualified researchers interested in accessing these data must apply directly to CMS through the Research Data Assistance Center (ResDAC). All data presented are aggregated in accordance with CMS privacy standards. All source data were de-identified by CMS. Individual patient consent was not required, as the data were anonymized and reported in aggregated.