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Article History

Received: 10 April 2026

Accepted: 5 June 2026

First Online: 21 June 2026

Declarations

Conflict of Interest: John Fox is a full-time employee at Illumina, Inc., manufacturer of sequencers for both large and small panels discussed in this manuscript. Bela Bapat is a full-time employee and stock owner at Illumina, Inc., and declares that Illumina, Inc. has no financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript. Carlo Bifulco reports stock ownership and serving on scientific advisory board of PrimeVax, BioAI, and Pictor Labs, serving on scientific advisory board of Lunaphore, consulting or advisory relationships (compensated) at Sanofi, Agilent, Roche, Incendia, Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS), and receiving institutional research support from Illumina, Inc. These disclosures are unrelated to the preparation of the current manuscript, with the exception of the institutional research support from Illumina Inc., and no entity had any influence over the research content or interpretation. Robert Dumanois is an employee and stock owner of Thermo Fisher Scientific and declares that Thermo Fisher Scientific does not have any financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript. Adrienne M. Gilligan is an employee and stock owner of Eli Lilly and Company and declares that Eli Lilly and Company does not have any financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript. Paul Spin, Mostafa Shokoohi, and Emily Borgundvaag are employees of EVERSANA, which consults for biomedical and pharmaceutical companies, and declare that EVERSANA has no financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript. Chad Moretz and David Bartlett declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical Approval: All data used in the study have been certified as statistically de-identified by an independent third-party such that, this study does not require review and approval by ethics committees. Informed consent and consent for publication were not applicable as this was a retrospective study without active patient recruitment, and all retrieved clinical data were deidentified. The study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964, and its later amendments.