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Authors
Hoque, Shah Md Safiul
Osman, Abu Zafar MD Rashed
Mansor, Nur Naha Binti Abu
Jalil, Syed
Brown, Jeremy
Al-Qatiti, Khalid
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (SU/BFP/RG/10/2023)
Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (SU/BFP/RG/10/2023)
Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (SU/BFP/RG/10/2023)
Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (SU/BFP/RG/10/2023)
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Article History
Received: 24 June 2025
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 10 January 2026
Declarations
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: Approval for the study was granted by the appropriate ethics committee.
: All participants provided informed consent prior to their involvement in the study. Data were anonymized before analysis to uphold participant confidentiality.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
