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Article History

Accepted: 9 January 2025

First Online: 8 February 2025

Declarations

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: The research presented in this manuscript does not involve any studies on human participants or animals. Therefore, ethics approval and consent to participate are not applicable to this study. All authors have contributed voluntarily to the research, and no ethical concerns were identified during the course of this work.

: All authors of this paper have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript. Each author has provided their consent for the publication of this research in Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology. The corresponding author has full authority to submit the manuscript on behalf of all co-authors and to manage all correspondence related to the publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.