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Optimizing Stone Column Spacing and Stiffness using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for Finite Element Method (FEM) Based Settlement Prediction

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40515-026-00839-1

Published Online: 2026-04-02

Published Print: 2026-04

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

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