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Authors
Zhou, Fengyu
Geng, Junyong
Wang, Haoyu
Wang, Te
Han, Liwei
Zhang, Hongyang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Key Scientific Research Projects of Universities in Henan Province (21A570001, 22A570004, 23A570006)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52079051)
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Article History
Received: 3 December 2025
Accepted: 2 June 2026
First Online: 10 June 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection.
: All authors agreed to publish the manuscript in Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
