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Authors
Lee, Johanna
Rojas, Natalia K.
Pinto Pereria, Snehal M.
Stephenson, Terence
McGowan, Jennifer
Chalder, Trudie
Dalrymple, Emma
Ford, Tamsin
Heyman, Isobel
Ladhani, Shamez
McOwat, Kelsey
Simmons, Ruth
Swann, Olivia
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Shafran, Roz
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute for Health and Care Research (COVLT0022)
UK Research and Innovation (COVLT0022)
UK Medical Research Council Career Development Award (MR/P020372/1)
Senior Non-clinical fellowship (MR/Y009398/1)
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Article History
Received: 6 July 2025
Accepted: 3 September 2025
First Online: 29 September 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was provided by the Health Research Authority Yorkshire and the Humber—South Yorkshire Research Ethics Committee (REC Ref.: 21/YH/0060; IRAS project ID: 293495) and the study is registered with the ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN 34804192).
: Declaration of interests Terence Stephenson is Chair of the Health Research Authority and therefore recused himself from the Research Ethics Application. Trudie Chalder is a member of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence committee for long COVID. She has written self-help books on chronic fatigue and has done workshops on chronic fatigue and post-infectious syndromes. Terence Stephenson and Roz Shafran are part of Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, where their research is made possible by the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre.
