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Article History

Received: 12 December 2025

Accepted: 2 June 2026

First Online: 12 June 2026

Declarations

Ethical approval: Ethical approval was obtained by the host University’s Ethical Committee corresponding ethical guidelines. Application approval number: Dunsmore/#13801/sub3/R(B)/2024/Dec/BLSS FAEC. Participants were presented with information sheets and consent forms, following specific instructions set in the guidelines of the British Psychological Society (BPS), where a designated consent page used checkboxes to allow participants to indicate that they have read and understood each statement and key aspects of the consent information before proceeding with the study. The BPS ethical guidelines were followed when collecting the research and specified the retention of data for 10 years in a secure institutional server, to which participants also provided consent.

Consent to participate: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Consent for publication: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants to publish the findings of this research.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.