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Article History

Received: 4 January 2019

Accepted: 24 June 2019

First Online: 8 July 2019

Compliance with ethical standards

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: The authors have no potential conflict of interest to disclose. Stephan Gyßer is a full-time employee of GSG consultant. Jens Wiltfang is supported by an Ilídio Pinho professorship and iBiMED (UID/BIM/04501/2013), and FCT project PTDC/DTP_PIC/5587/2014 at the University of Aveiro, Portugal. Jens Wiltfang received honoraria for consulting activities, lectures, or advisory board participation from Pfizer, Eli Lilly, Hoffmann-La-Roche, MSD Sharp + Dome, Janssen-Cilag GmbH, Immungenetics AG, Boehringer Ingelheim. Jens Wiltfang holds patents EP1270592B1, US 6,849,416 B2, EP2095128B1, and EP3105589A1. Bernhard Kis received honoraria for authorships, publisher activities, advisory board participation and speaker fees from ecomed, Hogrefe, Medicine, Dt. Krankenhausgeselschaft, and Shire. Claus Wolff-Menzler received honoraria for consulting activities from GSG, Vitro GmbH, LVR, Janssen, LWL, Mibeg-Institute, Agfa/Orbis, DKI, PKM, Asklepios, Alexianer, ID-Schwarz, LivaNova, Servier, ZEB, and DKCT.

: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

: Since anonymized data were used, informed consent could not be obtained from the individual participants included in the study.

: All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.