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Article History

Received: 11 June 2019

Accepted: 30 October 2019

First Online: 23 December 2020

Compliance with ethical standards

:

: Dr E Rolandi, A Dodich, S Galluzzi, C Ferrari, S Mandelli, F Ribaldi, G Munaretto, C Ambrosi, R Gasparotti, D Violi, N Canessa, S Iannaccone, A Marcone, A Falini, GB. Frisoni, C Cerami, E Cavedo report no disclosures. H Hampel serves as Senior Associate Editor for the Journal Alzheimer’s & Dementia; he received lecture fees from Biogen and Roche, research grants from Pfizer, Avid, and MSD Avenir (paid to the institution), travel funding from Functional Neuromodulation, Axovant, Eli Lilly and company, Takeda and Zinfandel, GE-Healthcare and Oryzon Genomics, consultancy fees from Jung Diagnostics, Cytox Ltd., Axovant, Anavex, Takeda and Zinfandel, GE Healthcare, Oryzon Genomics, and Functional Neuromodulation, and participated in scientific advisory boards of Functional Neuromodulation, Axovant, Eli Lilly and company, Cytox Ltd., GE Healthcare, Takeda and Zinfandel, Oryzon Genomics and Roche Diagnostics. HH is co-inventor in the following patents as a scientific expert and has received no royalties: In Vitro Multiparameter Determination Method for The Diagnosis and Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Disorders Patent Number: 8916388. In Vitro Procedure for Diagnosis and Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases Patent Number: 8298784. Neurodegenerative Markers for Psychiatric Conditions Publication Number: 20120196300. In Vitro Multiparameter Determination Method for The Diagnosis and Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Disorders Publication Number: 20100062463. In Vitro Method for The Diagnosis and Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Disorders Publication Number: 20100035286. In Vitro Procedure for Diagnosis and Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases Publication Number: 20090263822. In Vitro Method for The Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases Patent Number: 7547553. CSF Diagnostic in Vitro Method for Diagnosis of Dementias and Neuroinflammatory Diseases Publication Number: 20080206797. In Vitro Method for The Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases Publication Number: 20080199966. Neurodegenerative Markers for Psychiatric Conditions Publication Number: 20080131921.

: The study was performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by local ethics committees (Comitato Etico IRCCS San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli; Comitato Etico di Brescia; Comitato Etico dell’Ospedale San Raffaele).

: Written informed consent was collected for all of the participants.