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Article History

Received: 6 November 2022

Accepted: 6 December 2022

First Online: 30 December 2022

Declarations

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: This study was supported by the Academy of Finland (projects 287372 and 312311), and the Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of Tampere University Hospital to Jylhä M. and the Pirkanmaa and Central Cultural Funds to Nosraty L. ((grant numbers: 50191968 and 00200788). The work was partly done in the framework of the Centre of Excellence in Research on Aging and Care. The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. Each author has participated in the research reported and has agreed to be an author on the manuscript.

: The study, that is TamELSA, the data collection is old. At that time, and as the data was collected only by interviews and death registers and no hospital record data was used, we did not need an ethical statement. Permission to use national mortality registers was given by the national register authority, the Statistics Finland and the Population Register.

: In 1979 and 1989 when the data were collected, the Finnish regulations did not require a formal signed informed consent. The participants were sent a letter where the aims and procedures of the study were explained and the time for face-to-face interview was suggested. If the participant agreed to meet the interviewer and gave the interview, that was understood as consent to participate in the study. Permission to use national mortality registers was given by the national register authority, the Statistics Finland and the Population Register.