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Article History

Received: 28 September 2022

Accepted: 22 May 2023

First Online: 2 June 2023

Declarations

:

: The authors have no conflicts of interest to report. All authors have read the paper and agreed to be listed as authors, having approved it and validated the accuracy of the data. Individual author contributions include, as follows: Fabricio Ferreira de Oliveira, MD, MSc, PhD, is a medical researcher of the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery of the Federal University of São Paulo—UNIFESP, a Member of the Committee of Experts of the European Science Foundation, of the American Academy of Neurology Global Strategies Subcommittee, of the Awards Committee of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS, 2021–2023), and of the Executive Committee of the ISTAART Biofluid Based Biomarkers Professional Interest Area (Alzheimer’s Association, 2018–2025); he has received research support from CAPES—<i>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior</i> and FAPESP—The State of São Paulo Research Foundation, and serves as a healthcare council member for Gerson Lehrman Group, for Atheneum Partners, for Guidepoint, and for Lionbridge; he was involved in conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing of the original draft, review and editing, visualization, and project administration. Marjorie Câmara Miraldo, MSc, is a researcher at the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery of the Federal University of São Paulo—UNIFESP; she was involved in methodology, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, review and editing of the draft. Eduardo Ferreira de Castro-Neto, MSc, PhD, is a researcher at the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery of the Federal University of São Paulo—UNIFESP; he was involved in methodology, formal analysis, resources, review and editing of the draft. Sandro Soares de Almeida, MSc, PhD, is a researcher at the Department of Biophysics of the Federal University of São Paulo—UNIFESP, and has received grants from CNPq—<i>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico</i> and FAPESP—The State of São Paulo Research Foundation; he was involved in conceptualization, methodology, validation, formal analysis, resources, data curation, review and editing of the draft. Sandro Luiz de Andrade Matas, MD, MSc, PhD, is a medical researcher at the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery of the Federal University of São Paulo—UNIFESP; he was involved in methodology, investigation, resources, review and editing of the draft. Paulo Henrique Ferreira Bertolucci, MD, MSc, PhD, is a full professor of the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery of the Federal University of São Paulo—UNIFESP; he has received grants from CAPES—<i>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior</i> and FAPESP—The State of São Paulo Research Foundation, and serves as a consultant for Janssen, Lundbeck, Novartis, Pfizer and Support; he was involved in conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, resources, review and editing of the draft, project administration and funding acquisition. Maria da Graça Naffah-Mazzacoratti, MSc, PhD, is a full professor of the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery of the Federal University of São Paulo—UNIFESP, and has received grants from CAPES—<i>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior</i>, CNPq—<i>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico</i>, and FAPESP—The State of São Paulo Research Foundation; she was involved in conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, resources, review and editing of the draft, supervision, project administration and funding acquisition.

: This study is part of the research project 0370/2015 (CAAE 43868615.5.0000.5505) approved by the Ethics Committee of <i>Hospital São Paulo</i>, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), in June 2015, following the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: This study only included human participants.

: All invited patients and their legal representatives agreed to participate and signed the Informed Consent Form before the assessment.