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Article History

Received: 7 April 2023

Accepted: 27 September 2023

First Online: 18 October 2023

Declarations

:

: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

: The Biomedical Ethics Review Committee of Peking University approved CHARLS. Each participant signed an informed consent form in writing. IRB00001052-11015 was the number for ethical approval.

: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

: Each author approved the manuscript for publication.