Lu, Bowen https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6224-9317
Li, Jiacheng
Liang, Xuezhen
Wen, Mingtao
Luo, Di
Jia, Haifeng
Zhang, Jiahao
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2022LZY003)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82074453)
Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong Province (2021CXGC010501)
Article History
Received: 7 August 2024
Accepted: 24 March 2025
First Online: 7 April 2025
Declarations
:
: This study analysis was performed on fully anonymized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).
: All participating authors give their consent for this work to be published.
: The authors declare no competing interests.