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Article History

Received: 2 February 2025

Accepted: 31 March 2025

First Online: 13 May 2025

Declarations

:

: This study utilized secondary data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, which is publicly available and contains aggregated, anonymized data. The GBD database is maintained by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) and adheres to international ethical standards for data collection and reporting.

: The data used in this study were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, which contains aggregated population-level information. No individual patient data were accessed or analyzed in this research. The GBD data are collected by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) through multiple sources following appropriate consent procedures where applicable. As this study involved secondary analysis of anonymized, publicly available data, individual informed consent was not required.

: The authors declare no competing interests.