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Authors
Wang, Lang
Mi, Yushuai
Zhu, Xianglin
Liu, Ziping
Liu, Junjian
Zhao, Cheng
Zhao, Shijun
Liang, Hao
Zhang, Jie
Gao, Tian
Ding, Yinlu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Development Center for Medical Science & Technology National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (W2018RY9)
Development Center for Medical Science & Technology National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (W2018RY9)
Development Center for Medical Science & Technology National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (W2018RY9)
Development Center for Medical Science & Technology National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (W2018RY9)
Development Center for Medical Science & Technology National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (W2018RY9)
Development Center for Medical Science & Technology National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (W2018RY9)
Development Center for Medical Science & Technology National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (W2018RY9)
Development Center for Medical Science & Technology National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (W2018RY9)
Development Center for Medical Science & Technology National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (W2018RY9)
Development Center for Medical Science & Technology National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (W2018RY9)
Development Center for Medical Science & Technology National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (W2018RY9)
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Article History
Received: 25 June 2025
Revised: 19 August 2025
Accepted: 10 September 2025
First Online: 14 November 2025
Declarations
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: The Research Ethics committee of the second Qilu hospital of Shandong University has determined that this study does not require ethical approval or participant consent, as it utilizes publicly available data from the GBD2021 database. Therefore, ethical review is not necessary. Additionally, informed consent from participants is not applicable in this research.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
